健康与患病凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构及功能差异研究

为探究病害发生后健康与患病凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构和功能的差异,并筛选肠道指示菌群来评估宿主健康状况,评价凡纳滨对虾肠道菌落的功能冗余性。实验采集健康和患病凡纳滨对虾样品,通过Illumina高通量测序技术测定肠道菌群组成,并利用PICRUSt进行功能预测,以此比较健康与患病凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物的群落结构和功能差异,并预测功能与群落组成的相关性。结果显示,病害的发生伴随着肠道菌群结构的显著变化,而多样性无显著差异。与健康凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌组成相比,患病凡纳滨对虾肠道中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)相对丰度降低,而γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)增加。同时,筛选出16个指示细菌科,能够很好地指示宿主健康状况。与健康组相比,患病凡纳滨对虾中参与弧菌侵染的过程显著增加,而溶酶体和过氧化物酶等免疫功能代谢过程显著减弱。此外,肠道微生物群落结构与功能组成呈显著正相关,表明凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群组成具有较低的功能冗余性。研究表明,健康与患病凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构存在显著差异,并且由细菌介导的功能随之发生改变,能够用指示微生物评估宿主健康状况。     

生态效率评价应用于工业人工林采伐的探讨

从生态效率的内涵出发,根据目前我国工业人工林的利用现状,提出在工业人工林采伐中实施生态效率评价的必要性。在分析其他工业领域生态效率评价指标体系及计算方法的基础上,给出工业人工林采伐生态效率评价指标体系的初步设计。     

自然保护区森林健康评价体系的构建与应用

自然保护区的森林健康评价有别于普通的森林健康评价,在评价中要考虑森林对自然保护区的影响。从森林对生态系统、森林社会价值、森林对珍稀保护物种影响等方面构建了自然保护区森林健康评价指标体系,得出自然保护区森林健康综合指数,从而判别自然保护区森林的健康程度,并对北京百花山国家级自然保护区的森林进行健康评价。评价结果表明,15块样地中,有8块样地处于健康以上状态,比例达到了53.3%,亚健康状态样地占到了46.7%,表明百花山保护区森林健康状况良好,与实际调查情况一致,表明指标体系有较好的适用性。图1表3参21     

鲆鲽类工厂化养殖指标体系建设——基于农产品成本收益分析的研究

我国从20世纪50年代末开始进行农产品成本收益核算,至今已有半个世纪。2004年开始实行新调查核算体系,标志着农产品成本调查工作步入新的发展道路,但涉及水产养殖成本收益分析的研究较少。借鉴国内外农产品成本收益核算指标体系的设置,以鲆鲽类工厂化养殖为例,建立成本收益核算指标体系,并对将来的进一步研究提出了建议。     

山地丘陵耕地土壤养分最优插值方法研究——以江西省渝水区水北镇为例

以江西省渝水区水北镇为研究区,利用823个采样点的耕地土壤养分数据,分析区内耕地土壤养分含量与海拔、坡度的相关性,采用协同克里格插值方法,结合海拔、坡度进行插值,并把经交叉检验后的结果与逆距离权重法、普通克里格法的结果进行比较.结果表明,结合海拔、坡度进行插值后,精度有明显提高.插值精度排序为协同克里格法>普通克里格法...     

矿区粉尘污染对玉米幼苗生理特性的影响

[目的]研究过量Mg2＋与镁粉尘污染对农作物生长发育情况的影响。[方法]通过在清洁土壤中投加不同浓度的MgCl2试剂和轻烧镁粉尘,经过27 d的培养,期间分4次测定植物生长发育情况指标。[结果]Mg2＋对叶绿素有先激活再抑制的现象,而对根系活力则表现出先抑制再激活,但是Mg2＋达到5.0 mg/g时,根系活力下降。[结论]MgO随着浓度和时间的双重作用影响植物生理活动。     

木薯寒冻害等级划分指标研究

[目的]探索木薯寒害冻害等级划分的形态指标及方法。[方法]开展室内人工模拟木薯寒害冻害试验。在极端低温0～4℃条件下处理1～3 d,置室内,7、20 d后观察。[结果]茎杆芽眼死坏率和块根黑斑占切面比率均随温度的降低而增加,随低温持续时间延长而增加;茎杆干枯率不完全呈规律性变化;茎杆变色损伤率、髓部变色率及乳胶的量的变化率小或表现不明显。[结论]茎杆芽眼死坏率适合作为木薯茎杆寒冻害等级划分形态指标;块根黑斑占切面比率适合作为木薯块根的寒冻害等级划分形态指标。同时,确定了木薯寒害冻害等级划分标准。     

区域发展综合评价的数学方法综述

介绍了区域综合评价的流程,即“指标体系构建模型框架选择或建立．指标选择．指标赋权．综合评价”,重点分析了区域综合评价流程中每一步所采用的数学方法,尤其是综合评价中的数学模型方法,以期为农业科研和区域发展研究中遇到的综合评价问题提供数学分析方法。     

Floristic and ecological differences between recent and ancient forests growing on non-acidic soils

The aim of this work was to investigate differences in soil chemistry and understory composition between recent forests (sites afforested in the last 170 years) and ancient forests growing on non-acidic soils. The study was carried out on hardwood forests at moderate elevation (400–600 m asl) in the Jura Mountains (N.E. France) on four main pedological substrates with different characteristics. The floristic composition of 127 stands from recent forests (n = 65) or ancient forests (n = 62) was surveyed. Some functional traits and the Ellenberg indicator values of the surveyed species were recorded. In addition, the topsoil from 30 stands was analysed. The composition of the flora was analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis and the species which were typical of one class of forest age were identified using a chi-square (χ²) test. The difference between forest classes for plant traits, their indicator values, or soil chemistry was tested using the generalized linear model and Bonferroni t-tests (or Kruskall–Wallis tests). The floristic composition of the ancient forests was significantly different from that of the recent forests and was characterized by a high occurrence of shrub species in recent forests. These differences were associated with higher specific leaf area, low-range seeds dispersal, and some life forms like geophytes. There was no clear difference in soil chemistry between the two classes of forests, except for δ¹⁵N values. The weakness of the difference in the soil between ancient and recent forests suggested that changes in soil chemistry caused by a former agricultural land use were not responsible for the differences in understory composition recorded. The differences in functional traits between the two forest classes supported this conclusion. We finally concluded that (i) past land use modifies the vegetation composition of current forests, even on neutral soils and that (ii) in our context, biological filters were probably responsible for these changes.